A Review of Public Health, Social and Ethical Implications of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Programs for HIV Prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa
October 26, 2021
Ideally, the benefits of public health interventions should outweigh any associated harms, burdens, and adverse unintended consequences. The intended benefit of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs in eastern and southern Africa (ESA) is the reduction of HIV infections. We review the literature for evidence of reductions in HIV incidence,...