Ethics in Research. OTT 2020 Conference, OnThinkTanks.org, November 10, 2021

Abstract Objective: Fetal tissue research has driven significant medical advances but remains publicly contentious in the United States. The views of pregnant individuals in the United States regarding the donation of fetal tissue offer an important and previously unexplored perspective on this issue. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from two separate, broader … Read more

Ideally, the benefits of public health interventions should outweigh any associated harms, burdens, and adverse unintended consequences. The intended benefit of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs in eastern and southern Africa (ESA) is the reduction of HIV infections. We review the literature for evidence of reductions in HIV incidence, evaluate the extent to which … Read more

Pregnant individuals are often excluded from research without clear justification, even when the research poses minimal risk of harm to the fetus. Little is known about institutional review board (IRB) decision-making practices when reviewing such research. We conducted a survey of current and former IRB personnel in the United States to elicit their interpretations of … Read more

Objective Emergency caregivers provide initial care to women sexual assault (SA) survivors. An improved understanding of the issues facing this population can aide emergency care practitioners in providing high quality care. The goal of this study was to share the experiences of women SA survivors with the emergency care practitioners that care for them. Methods … Read more

This chapter considers the ethical significance of the translational value of biomedical research using live nonhuman animals. By “translational value” is meant how well or poorly animal research results in specific improvements in human medicine. While other animal as well as environmental benefits may also result from biomedical research using animals, the primary objective of … Read more

Editorial In this issue of JAMA Psychiatry, Heil et al1 report a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and cost benefits of interventions to increase prescription contraceptive use among women with opioid use disorder (OUD) at risk for unintended pregnancy. The study found that verified contraception use was highest and unintended pregnancy rates were … Read more

Objectives Communicating with parents about adverse birth outcomes is challenging. We sought to describe attitudes and experiences of parents and providers regarding communication about adverse newborn birth events. Methods From 2011–2012, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with parents who believed they had experienced an adverse birth-related neonatal outcome and focus groups with healthcare providers who … Read more

The advent of human gene editing has stimulated international interest in how best to govern this research. However, research on stakeholder views has neglected scientists themselves. We surveyed 212 scientists who use gene editing in their work. Questions captured views on oversight and use of somatic and germline human gene editing for treatment, prevention, and … Read more

Background/aims Financial compensation for research participation is a major focus of ethical concern regarding human subject recruitment. Phase I trials are sometimes considered to be a lucrative source of income for healthy volunteers, encouraging some people to become “professional guinea pigs.” Yet, little is known about how much these clinical trials actually pay and how … Read more